Insomnia

Sleep, Appetite, and Obesity—What Is the Link?
There is a well-documented relationship between short sleep duration and high body mass index (BMI). Insomnia can result in daytime consequences, including tiredness, difficulty concentrating, and irritability, as well as increased healthcare utilization and reduced work productivity, lower quality of life or quality of social relationships, and decrements in memory, mood, or cognitive function.

Short Sleep Duration Is Associated with Reduced Leptin, Elevated Ghrelin, and Increased Body Mass Index
In population studies, a dose-response relationship between short sleep duration and high body mass index (BMI) has been reported across all age groups.

Ramelteon—A Melatonin Receptor Agonist in the Treatment of Insomnia
Insomnia is a common condition characterized by difficulty falling asleep, increased night-time wakefulness or inadequate sleep duration.

Effects of Vitamin B12 on the Body's Internal Clock

• Effect of vitamin B12 on the sleep-wake rhythm following an 8-hour advance of the light-dark cycle in the rat
• Vitamin B12 affects non-photic entrainment of circadian locomotor activity rhythms in mice
• Effects of melatonin and 5-methoxytryptamine on sleep-wake patterns in the male rat
• Response of the sleep-wake rhythm to an 8-hour advance of the light-dark cycle in the rat
• Circadian rhythms and sleep have additive effects on respiration in the rat

A Multicentre, Randomised, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Ramelteon Compared to Placebo With Zopiclone as a Reference Arm in Adults With Chronic Insomnia

Randomised, double-blind, double dummy, placebo-controlled, multicentre reference study to examine the effects of ramelteon (TAK-375) on psychomotor and cognitive performance at peak plasma concentration levels and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ramelteon compared to placebo with zopiclone as a reference arm over 28 consecutive nights in adults diagnosed with chronic insomnia.

• Comparative pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of short-acting hypnosedatives: zaleplon, zolpidem and zopiclone
• New drugs for insomnia: comparative tolerability of zopiclone, zolpidem and zaleplon
• The sleep-promoting action of ramelteon (TAK-375) in freely moving cats
• Benefit-risk assessment of zaleplon in the treatment of insomnia
• Ramelteon (TAK-375), a selective MT1/MT2-receptor agonist, reduces latency to persistent sleep in a model of transient insomnia related to a novel sleep environment

A Study to Determine the Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Ramelteon in Adults With Chronic Insomnia.

The study will involve an evaluation of the efficacy and safety of ramelteon (TAK-375) over a 6-month period in adults and elderly subjects with chronic insomnia. The test agent ramelteon will be used at 8 mg fixed dose and the study will be conducted in multiple sites.

• The benzodiazepine binding site of GABA(A) receptors as a target for the development of novel anxiolytics
• Gaboxadol--a new awakening in sleep
• Anxioselective compounds acting at the GABA(A) receptor benzodiazepine binding site
• New insights into the mechanism of action of hypnotics
• GABAergic dysfunction in schizophrenia: new treatment strategies on the horizon

• Newer hypnotic drugs for the short-term management of insomnia: a systematic review and economic evaluation
• Eszopiclone, a nonbenzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic agent for the treatment of transient and chronic insomnia
• Diagnosis and treatment of chronic insomnia: a review
• Management of chronic insomnia in elderly persons
• Management of insomnia