Articles

The second edition of the headache classification from the International Headache Society (IHS) has defined a new primary headache grouping named the...

General Diagnostic Matters Concerning Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias Recently, some important diagnostic matters have arisen around TACs. These...

TN, or ‘tic douloureux’, is most easily recognised in medical practice as “a sudden, usually unilateral, brief stabbing recurrent...

Triptans The triptans—sumatriptan, zolmitriptan, naratriptan, rizatriptan, almotriptan, frovatriptan and eletriptan— revolutionized the...

These three streams, which provided the impetus for the explosion of knowledge of the complexity of chronic pain and the role of psychosocial and...

Types of Pain CNMP is a biological–psychological–sociological phenomenon. All aspects of these problem areas must be appropriately...

There is no more severe pain than that sustained by a cluster headache sufferer and if not for the rather short duration of attacks most cluster...

Primary CD has two main clinical forms. The first is characterized by abnormal posture of the head and neck, limitation of head movements, and...

Migraine Diagnosis In a landmark study2 in adults, patients with a chief complaint of migraine had a final diagnosis of migraine. Patients with a...

However, damage to the nociceptive pathways is not a sufficient condition for CNP to occur, as lesions entailing identical deficits may induce...

Currently, the prevalence of cervical dystonia in the US is estimated to be greater than 90,000. Other studies show that its prevalence differs among...

Currently, the prevalence of cervical dystonia in the US is estimated to be greater than 90,000. Other studies show that its prevalence differs...

Clinical Manifestations CD is the most common form of focal dystonia. Few epidemiological studies exist that estimate the incidence and prevalence of...

Overview of FibromyalgiaFM is a common condition with an estimated prevalence of 2% of the general population (3.4% for women, 0.5% for men)....

General Considerations Physical treatments such as electrical neurostimulation have clear advantages over pharmacotherapy in terms of adverse side...

Management of Neuropathic Pain The management of neuropathic pain involves the use of a wide variety of agents including antidepressants,...

Current treatments (e.g. acute and preventative medications, physical therapy, nerve blocks, cervical decompression, and surgical interventions...

The exact pathogenesis of migraine remains to be determined. Theories describing migraine pathophysiology have moved between primary vascular and...

Pain may also occur when there is a ‘primary lesion or dysfunction’ in the peripheral or central nervous system. This type of pain is...

The bipolar spectrum tends to be underdiagnosed, with the full clinical spectrum being an evolving concept. The mild end of the bipolar spectrum...